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Vocabulary: Chapter 17 and 18
Biodiversity- the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems.
Taxonomy- Practice of classifying plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships
Taxon- animal or plant group having natural relations
Kingdom- One of seven biological categories: monera or protoctista or plantar or fungi or animalia
Domain- most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom
Phylum- the major taxonomic group of animals and plants.
Division- a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger category
Class- a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
Order- a taxonomic group containing one or more families
Family- a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
Genus- a taxonomic group containing one or more species
Species- a taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
Binomial Nomenclature- a Classification system in which each species is assigned to a two- part scientific name
Subspecies- a taxonomic group that is a division of a species
Bacteria- a single- celled organism that lacks a nucleus; prokaryotes
Archaea- the domain of a unicellular prokaryote that has a cell wall and do not contain peptidoglycan
Eukarya- the domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Eubacteria- the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made of peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria- the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
Protista- eukaryotic one- celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals" protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae
Fungi- kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter
Plantae- the plant kingdom
Animalia- taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals
Systematics- the classification of living organisms in terms of their natural relationships; it includes describing, naming, and classifying the organisms
Phylogenetics- the analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral relationships between taxa
Cladistics- a phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa
Shared character- a feature that all members of a group have in common
Derived character- a characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members
Phylogenetic Diagram- a branching diagram that models the relationships by ancestry between different species or other taxonomic groups
Clade- a group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor
Cladogram- a tree diagram used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships
Niche- The specific role, or way of life , of an organism within its environment
Generalist- A species with broad niches; they can tolerate a range of conditions and resources
Specialist- species with narrow niches
Migration- A strategy of moving to a more favorable habitat
Dormancy- a long -term state of reduced activity
Regulator- Organisms that use energy to control some of their internal conditions
Conformer- Organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions
Acclimation- an organism's change in response to a a change in an organism's environment
Producer- Organism that capture energy and use it to make organic molecules
Consumer- Organisms that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules made by other organisms
Herbivore- a organism that eats producers
Carnivore- an organism that eats other consumers
Omnivore- consumers that eat both plants and animals
Detritivore- a consumer that feeds on detritus, or waste of ecosystem
Decomposer-a detritivore that cause decay by breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules
Trophic Level- an organism's relative position in a sequence of energy transfer sin a food chain.
Food chain- a single pathway of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer
Food web-interrelated food chains
Biodiversity- the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems.
Taxonomy- Practice of classifying plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships
Taxon- animal or plant group having natural relations
Kingdom- One of seven biological categories: monera or protoctista or plantar or fungi or animalia
Domain- most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom
Phylum- the major taxonomic group of animals and plants.
Division- a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger category
Class- a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
Order- a taxonomic group containing one or more families
Family- a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
Genus- a taxonomic group containing one or more species
Species- a taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
Binomial Nomenclature- a Classification system in which each species is assigned to a two- part scientific name
Subspecies- a taxonomic group that is a division of a species
Bacteria- a single- celled organism that lacks a nucleus; prokaryotes
Archaea- the domain of a unicellular prokaryote that has a cell wall and do not contain peptidoglycan
Eukarya- the domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Eubacteria- the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made of peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria- the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
Protista- eukaryotic one- celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals" protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae
Fungi- kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter
Plantae- the plant kingdom
Animalia- taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals
Systematics- the classification of living organisms in terms of their natural relationships; it includes describing, naming, and classifying the organisms
Phylogenetics- the analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral relationships between taxa
Cladistics- a phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa
Shared character- a feature that all members of a group have in common
Derived character- a characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members
Phylogenetic Diagram- a branching diagram that models the relationships by ancestry between different species or other taxonomic groups
Clade- a group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor
Cladogram- a tree diagram used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships
Niche- The specific role, or way of life , of an organism within its environment
Generalist- A species with broad niches; they can tolerate a range of conditions and resources
Specialist- species with narrow niches
Migration- A strategy of moving to a more favorable habitat
Dormancy- a long -term state of reduced activity
Regulator- Organisms that use energy to control some of their internal conditions
Conformer- Organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions
Acclimation- an organism's change in response to a a change in an organism's environment
Producer- Organism that capture energy and use it to make organic molecules
Consumer- Organisms that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules made by other organisms
Herbivore- a organism that eats producers
Carnivore- an organism that eats other consumers
Omnivore- consumers that eat both plants and animals
Detritivore- a consumer that feeds on detritus, or waste of ecosystem
Decomposer-a detritivore that cause decay by breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules
Trophic Level- an organism's relative position in a sequence of energy transfer sin a food chain.
Food chain- a single pathway of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer
Food web-interrelated food chains